1. Buku Karangan Prof. Soekidjo Notoatmodjo, Kesehatan Masyarakat, Ilmu & Seni – Ed Revisi 2011, Penerbit Rineka Cipta. Deskripsi Buku: Kesehatan masyarakat bukan hanya berbicara atau berteori tentang penyakit penyebarannya (epidemiologi), tentang gizi makana, tentang kesehatan lingkungan, tentang ilmu perilaku dan pendidikan, tetapi juga bagaimana aplikasi atau penerapan teori-teori.
2. Kesehatan masyarakat sebagai ilmu dan seni untuk mencegah penyakit memperpanjang hidup dan meningkatkan kesehatan melalui upaya bersama masyarakat secara terorganisir untuk sanitasi lingkungan, pemberantasan penyakit, pendidikan kesehatan, pelayanan kesehatan, dan sebagainya, mengandung makna bahwa aspek preventif dan promotif adalah lebih.

1. Pengertian Kesehatan Lingkungan

Kandun IN,editor. Upaya Pencegahan diare ditinjau dari. Aspek kesehatan masyarakat. Proceeding of the 2nd National. Congress ofBadan Koordinasi. Buku ajar diare. Jakarta: Departemen Kesehatan RI. Direktorat Jenderal Pemberantasan Penyakit Menular dan. Penyehatan Lingkungan Pemukiman (Ditjet P2M & PLP).

Background Acute diarrhea is a sudden diarrhea which lasts less than seven days on babies and children. The standard treatment by WHO in managing acute diarrhea is still not satisfactory for parents whose infants and children suffering from the disease. Dioctahedral smectite is expected to decrease the volume, frequency, and duration of diarrhea. Objective To assess the clinical effects of dioctahedral smectite in infants with acute diarrhea. My invoices and estimates review.

Methods A double-blind, randomized clinical controlled trial was performed on six to 12 months-old infants who were hospitalized in Sanglah Hospital, Denpasar due to acute diarrhea.The subjects were divided into two groups. The treatment group was given standard management with adjuvant dioctahedral smectite while and control group was given standard management with placebo.

Results From 68 infants enrolled in this study, the mean duration of diarrhea was significantly shorter in treatment group compared to placebo group 39.03 hours (SD 2.03) vs 70.58 hours (SD 3.78), mean difference 31.6 (95% CI 22.90 to 40.19), P=0.001. The RRR was 50%, and ARR was 29%. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that duration of acute diarrhea was shorter in treatment group 36 hours (SD 1.7) versus 72 hours (SD 4.18), mean difference 36.0 (95% CI 21.81 to 50.19), log rank test, P.

Pengobatan biotika. Semarang: Buletin IKA FK UNDIP; 2000. Dinas Kesehatan Propinsi Bali. Registrasi P2M. Denpasar: Dinas Kesehatan Propinsi Bali; 2002. Registrasi Kunjungan Poliklinik Anak Rumah Sakit Sanglah Tahun 2003.

Suraatmaja S. Kapita selekta gastroenterologi. Denpasar: SMF IKA FK UNUD; 2002; p.1-28. Kandun IN,editor. Upaya Pencegahan diare ditinjau dari aspek kesehatan masyarakat.

Proceeding of the 2nd National Congress ofBadan Koordinasi Gastroenterologi Anak Indonesia (BKGAI); 2003 July 3-5; Bandung, Indonesia;2003. Departemen Kesehatan RI. Epidemiologi dan etiologi diare. Buku ajar diare. Jakarta: Departemen Kesehatan RI, Direktorat Jenderal Pemberantasan Penyakit Menular dan Penyehatan Lingkungan Pemukiman (Ditjet P2M & PLP);; p. Lexomboon U, Harikul S, Lortholory 0. Control randomized study of rehydration with dioctahedral smectite in ambulatory Thai infants with acute diarrhea.

1994;25: -62. Ismail R,editor Diare bermasalah: Shigelosis. Proceeding of the nd National Congress ofBadan Koordinasi Gastroenterologi Anak Indonesia (BKGA!); 2003 July 3-5; Bandung, Indonesia; 2003. Soetjiningsih,!KG Suandi, Dwi Lingga Utama. Tumbuh kembang & gizi. Denpasar: Bag /SMF Ilmu Kesehatan Anak Fakultas Kedokteran UNUD/RS Sanglah,1995; p.

Zui Shen Yen, Mei Shu Lai. Smectite for acute diarrhea in children.

2006; 23(1):65-66. Vivatvakin D, Harikul S, Eksarnyri P.

Control study of oral rehidration solution, ors +dioctahedral smectite in hospitalized thai infants with acute secretory diarrhea. J Trop Med Public Health.

Pengertian Kesehatan Lingkungan

Lexomboon U, Harikul S, Lortholory 0. Control randomized study of rehidration with dioctahedral smectite in ambulatory Thai infants with acute diarrhea. 1994;25: -62. Medkour A, Madina E, Amer M. Smectite in acute diarhea in children a double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial.

J Pediatr Gastroentrol Nutr. 2000;368: 176-81.

Norkeviciute I, Rudzeviciene 0, Leviniene G, Mociskiene K. Management of lituanian children's acute diarrhoea with gastrolit solution and dioctahedral smectite. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2002; 14:419-24.

Adverse efect of smectite therapy in diarrhea. SE Asian J Trop Med Pub! Szajweska, Dziecheciarz P, Mrukowicz J. Meta - Analysis: Smectite in the treatment of acute diarrhea in chidren. Aliment Pharmacol Ther.