Linux kit running successfully with. OS family Working state Discontinued Initial release 2002; 15 years ago ( 2002) Platforms SCPH-50000 and earlier type Default Official website (archived from the original) Linux for PlayStation 2 (or PS2 Linux) is a kit released by in 2002 that allows the console to be used as a. It included a -based, a USB and, a adapter, a PS2 network adapter ( only), and a 40 GB drive (HDD). An 8 MB memory card is required; it must be during installation, erasing all data previously saved on it, though afterwards the remaining space may be used for savegames. It is strongly recommended that a user of Linux for PlayStation 2 have some basic knowledge of Linux before installing and using it, due to the command-line interface for installation. The official site for the project was closed at the end of October 2009 and communities like ps2dev are no longer active.

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There is still a small group of enthusiasts that meets on in the channel #sps2. Contents. Capabilities The Linux Kit turns the PlayStation 2 into a full-fledged computer system, but it does not allow for use of the drive except to read PS1 and PS2 discs due to piracy concerns by Sony. Although the HDD included with the Linux Kit is not compatible with PlayStation 2 games, reformatting the HDD with the utility disc provided with the retail HDD enables use with PlayStation 2 games but erases PS2 Linux, though there is a driver that allows PS2 Linux to operate once copied onto the APA partition created by the utility disc. The Network Adaptor included with the kit only supports Ethernet; a driver is available to enable modem support if the retail Network Adaptor (which includes a built-in modem) is used.

The kit supports display on RGB monitors (with ) using a VGA cable provided with the Linux Kit, or television sets with the normal cable included with the PlayStation 2 unit. The PS2 Linux distribution is based on Kondara MNU/Linux, a Japanese distribution itself based on. PS2 Linux is similar to Red Hat Linux 6, and has most of the features one might expect in a Red Hat Linux 6 system. The stock kernel is Linux 2.2.1 (although it includes the USB drivers from Linux 2.2.18 to support the keyboard and mouse), but it can be upgraded to a newer version such as 2.2.21, 2.2.26 or 2.4.17. Open-source applications. Contents of the Linux kit; the hard disk is already installed inside the machine, and the network adaptor is attached to the back. The Linux kit's primary purpose is amateur, but it can be used as one would use any other computer, although the small amount of memory in the PS2 (32MB) limits its applications.

Noted software that compiles on the kit includes, and. Lightweight applications better suited to the PS2's 32MB of include, and.

The default window manager is, but it is possible to install and use and. The ports of the console can be connected to external devices, such as, and drives. With PS2 Linux, a user can program their own games that will work under PS2 Linux, but not on an unmodified PlayStation 2. Free open source code for games are available for download from PS2 Linux support sites. There is little difference between PS2 Linux and the Linux software used on the more expensive system ('Tool', DTL-T10000) used by professional licensed PlayStation game programmers. Some amateur-created games are submitted to a competition such as the Independent Games Festival's annual competition.

It is possible for an amateur to sell games or software that they develop using PS2 Linux, with certain restrictions detailed in the End User License Agreement. The amateur cannot make and sell game CDs and DVDs, but can sell the game through an online download. Distribution As of 2003, this kit is no longer officially sold in the USA due to the entire allocation of NTSC kits being sold out, but it is available through or through an auction site, such as. Some incorrectly speculate it was used as an attempt to help classify the PS2 as a computer to achieve tax exempt status from certain taxes that apply to game consoles and not computers (It was the included with EU units that was intended to do that).

Despite this, Sony lost the case in June 2006. The kit was released in the spirit of the earlier. PlayStation and Sony ended their support of hobbyist programmers with the support of Linux on the PlayStation 3 being discontinued. Model compatibility. This section needs additional citations for. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.

(March 2014) The original version of the PS2 Linux kit worked on only the Japanese SCPH-10000, SCPH-15000 and SCPH-18000 PlayStation 2 models. It came with a PCMCIA interface card which had a 10/100 Ethernet port and an external IDE hard drive enclosure (as there is no room inside the unit). This kit cannot be used with any later model PS2 (which includes all non-Japanese models) because these models removed the PCMCIA port.

Later versions of the PS2 Linux kit use an interface very similar to the HDD interface/Ethernet sold later for network play (the later released Network adaptor was also usable with the kit, including the built-in 56k modem.) This kit locates the hard drive internal to the PS2, in the MultiBay. With this kit, only the SCPH-30000 model of PlayStation 2 is officially supported.

The kit does though work equally well with models newer than SCPH-30000 with the exception that the Ethernet connection tended to freeze after a short period of use. Thus the newer SCPH-50000 PlayStation 2 model will only work correctly with PS2 Linux with an updated network adapter driver, which must be transferred to the PlayStation 2 HDD by using either an older model PlayStation 2 to transfer the driver or a Linux PC with an IDE port. Both methods involve swapping HDDs.

This is due to the inability to use USB Mass Storage devices with the relatively old kernel (version 2.2.1) shipped with the kit. The slim SCPH-70000 PlayStation 2 model does not work with PS2 Linux at all, due to the lack of a hard drive interface, though a very few early models in this revision had solder pads of an IDE interface on the motherboard that could be used (but required modding of the console, thereby voiding its warranty.) Even so, it is possible to network boot from a PXE server PS2 Linux installation DVDs are region encoded, as are all other PS2 game discs. A European/PAL disc will be rejected by an NTSC PlayStation 2 game system; however this is only at boot time: if the user has a mod that allows them to load a PAL disk, then the PS2 Linux boot loader supports both PAL and Linux (read the documentation to determine the button presses), so once they are past the 'DVD not supported', they can boot Linux and then later start X Window in NTSC mode.

Unofficial support Ever since the discontinuation of the PS2 Linux Kit and some time before that there has been a large, less active group who have tried and succeeded to run the Linux operating system through other methods, most notably using the KernelLoader Linux loader developed by Mega Man since 2008 where they have copied the necessary kernel files onto removable storage or DVDs formatted as Video DVDs due to Sony's anti-piracy efforts which restrict any data DVDs and loaded them through the program. Through this method it has become possible to use custom Linux distros and other UNIX-like operating systems compiled for the PlayStation 2 and this has enabled users to use more compatible Linux kernels with smaller footprints and programs specially designed for the console. These methods often require the use of PS2 exploits such as Free MCBoot which allows the end user to boot from the PlayStation 2 memory card and launch custom made homebrew applications packaged as ELF files and other exploits such as SwapMagic etc. However these tend to void the warranty as some require the opening of the PlayStation 2 console itself.

See also. References.

Contents. Story Black takes place in Ingushetia and Chechnya, Russia.

The protagonist is a soldier named Jack Kellar (portrayed by ). Kellar tells most of the story in at an interrogation four days after the events in the story begin.

Kellar is an inadequately disciplined member of a black ops group and a veteran of several conflicts including, and. The unknown interrogator (portrayed by ) questions Kellar about an arms smuggling and operation called the Seventh Wave. Seventh Wave have been responsible for a number of. Kellar is told that, unless he co-operates, he and his actions will be declassified, he will be dishonorably discharged and imprisoned for life. Though initially resistant, Kellar at last agrees to tell his story. Four days earlier, Kellar and his group were assaulting a Seventh Wave stronghold in the city of Veblensk.

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Kellar kills three high-ranking members of the cell but then disobeys orders by rushing inside a terrorist controlled building, where a ambushes him. However, the man did not kill Kellar, who learned that his captor is an American, William Lennox, a former operative. After faking his own death in, Lennox has apparently become the leader of Seventh Wave.

Kellar's next mission is to cross the border into Treneska and traverse the Vlodnik Canal, destroy a base and weapons cache, then meet a female black ops soldier named MacCarver (voiced by ), the leader of black ops Team Bravo, at a farmhouse. Things do not go as planned; however, Kellar defends and clears the farmhouse and later meets MacCarver. Kellar and MacCarver begin a mission to destroy an arms factory in the city of Naszran. To safely complete the mission they must navigate an old graveyard and town, both heavily defended. After doing so, they assault the town's iron foundry, destroying its productive capacity. The two black operatives then meet a third member of the team, Solomon. With the information regarding the position of Valencio, one of the four bosses of Seventh Wave, is hiding in Tivliz Asylum.

The team decide to attack the asylum yard with Keller rushed into the asylum despite Solomon protested that their order was to hold. Keller found Valencio after blowing up a concrete machine gun nest and briefly interrogated Valencio for Lennox's location by electrocution and threatened to hurt his wife and children. Based on information gathered from the mission, Team Bravo has proceeded to a well-defended dockyard, cleared the area and linked up with Alpha Team.

Alpha Team, however, is destroyed in an ambush while Lennox escapes seconds beforehand. In light of the disastrous result, the operation is cancelled as well. Despite these events, Kellar leads a retaliatory assault against the Graznei Bridge before leaving his team at the gates of Lennox's compound to successfully penetrate the defenses both around and inside the Spetriniv Gulag. During the attack, Keller triggers an explosion resulting from the destruction of two concrete barricades, and subsequent explosions in the final room of the underground bunker, presumably killing Lennox. The interrogator then reveals to Kellar that authorities had, in fact, always known of Lennox's involvement in Seventh Wave. Kellar had acted predictably, doing what his profile said he would, and his pursuit of Lennox was both expected and welcome - and that Lennox is not yet dead. Kellar is told that a false 'death' has been arranged for him, providing cover so he could continue his pursuit.

The game ends with Kellar being told to get ready for his next assignment. Gameplay. The player, armed with the, faces multiple enemies on the Naszran Foundry chapter. The red crescents in the center of the screen indicate that he is taking damage from multiple angles.

The gameplay is essentially a straightforward. Players can only carry two weapons at a time; therefore, strategy is needed when choosing weaponry, with weapons differing in characteristics. The player can also carry grenades, which can be thrown without switching weapons.

Land mines and grenades can be detonated prematurely by shooting them. The game is mission-based, with each mission separated by a video. On harder difficulties, there are more objectives that must be completed before the player can progress.

These extra objectives involved collecting various intelligence documents, blueprints, or destroying parts of the environment. These are all indicated by the HUD cross-hair changing color when the player points at the relevant object. Successful completion of the objectives over all missions in all difficulties above 'Easy' results in the awarding of Silver Weapons (infinite bullets) and unlocking the M16-A2 (40mm underslung grenade launcher attachment) as the starting default weapon with infinite 40mm grenades.

When unlocked, these features are permanent and cannot be removed without starting a fresh storyline. Development Criterion intended to 'do for shooting what did for racing - tear it apart', with dual emphasis on destructible environments and the handling and behavior of real-world. That hit buildings, terrain and objects leave visible damage; moreover, the guns are rendered with great detail and accuracy, though some weapons' features are stylized or exaggerated. The emphasis on the appearance, function, and sounds of the weapons led the developer to label the game as 'Gun-Porn.' Another notable and original feature is the use of real-time while reloading, giving a and more to the game.

Similarly, when the player drops below two bars of health, the screen turns black and white, the sound of the character's heartbeat become the dominant noise and the game goes into, and the large and small motors in the control pads match the sound of and part of the heartbeat. The game was not developed with an overarching plot structure in mind and this was implemented as something of an afterthought towards the end of development. The initial idea for relating the plot in-game came from Black's director, Alex Ward, who wanted to have a radio-play-style voiceover spoken over a 'black' screen. Sound Emphasising the game's action film heritage, sound effects for the weapons in the game were based on various sounds from films.

For example, ' in, 's pistol in, and 's in. Realising in the chaos of a heavy gun battle the heavy mix of sound and music would produce a cacophony of, the sound designers developed the ' of guns' concept. Whereas, traditionally in a shooter game, each weapon model would be assigned a different sound, Black assigns each enemy their own 'voice', similar to the way in which each member of a choir would have their own distinct voice. For example, there are three enemies firing, one would be assigned a low voice, another a medium voice, and the third a high voice. This allows all the weapons being fired in any particular scene to harmonise and deliver a distinct sound for the game. Black 's sound was nominated for Best Audio at the 2006, and won Best Art & Sound jointly with at the 2006 Industry Excellence Awards. The music for Black was composed by, using a theme co-authored with Oscar-winning composer.

It was recorded at the Newman Scoring Stage. Reception Reception Review scores Publication Score 8/10 8/10 6.83/10 6.83/10 8/10 N/A 32/40 N/A 8.5/10 8.5/10 C+ C+ 7.4/10 7.4/10 8.6/10 8.6/10 8.4/10 8.7/10 8.7/10 8.6/10 N/A N/A 7/10 N/A Aggregate score 79/100 77/100 Black 's PlayStation 2 version received a 'Gold' sales award from the (ELSPA), indicating sales of at least 200,000 copies in the United Kingdom. Black received 'favorable' reviews on both platforms according to video game. In Japan, gave the PS2 version all four eights, for a total of 32 out of 40. Also gave the game four stars out of five and stated, 'As the entire game is played at fever-pitch, you soon find yourself looking forward to the next mission briefing, if only for a chance to catch your breath. The only mystery to Black is why there is no multiplayer mode, since such intense battle settings would make for great competitive bouts.' Similarly gave it four stars out of five, saying, 'Little strategy is required for each stage, with abundant health packs and aggressive opponents of little intelligence.

But there are many strategies and the use of cover is vital.' Gave the Xbox version three stars out of four and said, 'The action is intense and the effects are splendid, though the un-reality applies also to the worlds in which you battle.' However, gave the game a C+, stating that it was worth playing for 'Six hours. Pretty good hours, but still, The A.V. Club can't stress that number enough'; and added that 'That was awesome for Doom, a free download with 16 extra maps available after registration. But 40 bucks for Black 's eight levels, with no multiplayer mode, and unlockable difficulty settings the only incentive to replay? The question is really whether renting this lovely oversized tech demo is worth a whole weekend.'

In 2013, listed the game at 99 in the list of 'Top 100 Shooters'. Reed, Kristan (2 June 2005). Retrieved 16 January 2016. Archived from on 8 July 2008. Retrieved 16 January 2016. ^ McNamara, Andy (April 2006).

Archived from on 2 August 2008. Retrieved 16 January 2016. Criterion Games. Archived from on 8 July 2008. Retrieved 16 January 2016.

Elliott, Phil (13 July 2006). Retrieved 7 February 2017.

Scoring Sessions. ^ Edge staff (March 2006).

^ EGM staff (April 2006). Reed, Kristan (22 February 2006). Retrieved 17 January 2016. ^ Gantayat, Anoop (10 April 2006). Retrieved 16 January 2016. ^ Four-Eyed Dragon (23 February 2006). Archived from on 5 March 2006.

Retrieved 17 January 2016. ^ Silverman, Ben (17 March 2006). Retrieved 17 January 2016. ^ Gerstmann, Jeff (23 February 2006).

Retrieved 17 January 2016. ^ Tuttle, Will (23 February 2006). Retrieved 16 January 2016. 24 February 2006. Archived from on 7 December 2008. Retrieved 17 January 2016.

Bedigian, Louis (6 March 2006). From the original on 6 October 2008. Retrieved 17 January 2016. Hopper, Steven (7 March 2006). From the original on 7 October 2008.

Retrieved 17 January 2016. Roper, Chris (22 February 2006). Archived from on 16 September 2008. Retrieved 16 January 2016. Roper, Chris (22 February 2006).

Retrieved 16 January 2016. 'Black'.: 85. 'Black'.: 75. ^ Schaefer, Jim (12 March 2006). Archived from on 6 September 2006. Retrieved 16 January 2016.

^ Wapshott, Tim (18 February 2006). From the original on 9 April 2007. Retrieved 16 January 2016. (subscription required). ^.

Retrieved 17 May 2013. Retrieved 17 May 2013.

Archived from on March 19, 2009. Caoili, Eric (November 26, 2008). Archived from on September 18, 2017. Hill, Jason (2 March 2006). Retrieved 16 January 2016.

Krewson, John (14 March 2006). From the original on 18 March 2006. Retrieved 16 January 2016.

September 9, 2013. Retrieved November 5, 2016. Robinson, Martin (9 March 2010). Retrieved 16 January 2016. Robinson, Martin (15 March 2010). Retrieved 16 January 2016. External links.

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