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In order to use Bluetooth, a device must be compatible with the subset of Bluetooth profiles (often called services) necessary to use the desired services. A Bluetooth profile is a specification regarding an aspect of Bluetooth-based wireless communication between devices. It resides on top of the Bluetooth Core Specification and (optionally) additional protocols. HP Pavilion s7520.nl - Slimline - tower - Turion 64 1.8 GHz - 1 GB - 200 GB overview and full product specs on CNET.

2D/3D Hardware acceleration - The process where the graphics controller computes tasks usually done by the CPU. The process results in lower power consumption, longer battery life, and provides a smoother playback of complex content and CPU headroom for multitasking. 3D XPoint™ Memory Technology - An entirely new class of non-volatile memory that can help turn immense amounts of data into valuable information in real time. With up to 1,000 times lower latency and exponentially greater endurance than NAND, 3D XPoint technology can deliver game-changing performance for big data applications. Its ability to enable high-speed, high-capacity data storage close to the processor creates new possibilities for system architects and promises to enable entirely new applications. 802.11 - A set of standards for communicating with computers that are part of a wireless LAN. You may see IEEE in front of 802.11.

This stands for the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers. Standards are 802.11a, 802.11b, 802.11g, and 802.11n. A AA# - Altered assembly number (AA#) is the part number for a motherboard and all its attached components. AC '97 - Audio Codec '97 (AC '97) is a specification for a high quality, 16-bit or 20-bit audio architecture used in many desktop systems. Access point - Stand-alone Wi-Fi hub that allows any computer with a Wi-Fi network adapter to communicate with another computer and connect to the Internet. This device is typically used in an enterprise environment with a large number of users. AC/DC power adapter - A device that converts AC power (electrical outlet power) to DC power (battery power).

ACPI - Advanced Configuration and Power Interface (ACPI) is a specification for power management. Adapter - A device used to connect two different components by matching the physical or electrical characteristics of each component. Ad hoc network - A communication configuration in which every computer has the same capabilities.

Any computer can initiate a communication session. Also known as a peer-to-peer or computer-to-computer network. AES - Advanced Encryption Standard (AES). AGP - Accelerated Graphics Port (AGP) is a port used to connect a computer graphics card to the motherboard. AHCI - Advanced Host Controller Interface (AHCI) is a specification that defines communication between a storage controller and Serial ATA hard drives. Alpha blending - A graphics term where the material property of transparency or opacity is added to an object. Alpha stippling - A graphics term describing a screen door effect, allowing only partial pixels from the source surface to appear over the destination surface.

Ambient - When referring to temperature, ambient refers to the temperature of the surrounding air. AMT - is a feature of specific Intel® processors. It allows IT to locate, protect, and heal the computer systems on their network. AP - The access point (AP) is a device that connects wireless devices to another network. For example, a wireless LAN, Internet modem, or others.

API - Application programming interface (API) is an interface that allows two independent computer programs to communicate with each other. APM - Advanced power management (APM) is an API that enables an operating system to work with the BIOS to achieve power management. ASF - Alert Standards Format (ASF) is a specification for technologies that allows a computer system to be remotely managed and controlled even if an operating system is not present. ASIC - Application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) is an integrated circuit customized for a particular use.

Asymmetric mode - This mode is used when only one DIMM is installed or the memory capacities are unequal. Also known as single-channel mode.

ATA - Advanced Technology Attachment (ATA) is an interface between storage devices such as hard drives and a computer. ATAPI - ATA Packet Interface (ATAPI) is a way for CD-ROM devices and tape devices to connect to a computer. ATX - Advanced Technology eXtended (ATX) is a motherboard form factor where the motherboard is typically 9.6x12 inches. Authentication - Verifies the identity of a user logging on to a network. Passwords, digital certificates, smart cards, and biometrics are used to prove the identity of the client to the network.

Passwords and digital certificates are also used to identify the network to the client. AWR – Advanced warranty replacement (AWR) is a limited premium warranty benefit. This warranty is only available to eligible channel program members who purchase qualifying Intel® products sold through Intel® Authorized Distributors in their region. Intel ships replacement products or spare parts to participants in the Intel gold partner or Intel platinum partner program without waiting for the defective part to be returned.

B BIOS - Basic Input/Output System (BIOS) is the firmware for a computer. Its main function is to identify and initialize various motherboard components. It also loads and transfers control to a small program that then loads the operating system. Bit - The smallest unit of memory storage. Bitmap - A flat 2D picture or a texture map. Most 3D systems can combine 2D bitmaps and 3D objects on the screen. Bit rate - The total number of bits (ones and zeros) per second that a network connection can support.

Note that bit rate varies under software control with different signal path conditions. Bluetooth® technology - A wireless specification that provides a method for devices such as mobile phones, laptops, computers, and printers to connect and share information with one another over a short-range radio frequency. BMC – A baseboard management controller (BMC) is a specialized microcontroller embedded in most Intel® server boards. The BMC is the heart of IPMI architecture and provides the intelligence behind intelligent platform management, that is, the autonomous monitoring and recovery features implemented directly in platform management hardware and firmware. BOC - Boxed order code (BOC) is the product code for a boxed Intel® processor.

Broadband Wi-Fi router - Stand-alone Wi-Fi hub that allows any computer with a Wi-Fi network adapter to communicate with another computer and connect to the Internet. This device is typically used in a home or small office environment with a relatively small number of users. BT - Bluetooth. BTX - Balanced Technology eXtended (BTX) is a motherboard form factor where the motherboard is typically 12.8x10.5 inches. Buffered memory - A type of memory module with a register between the DRAM modules and the system memory controller. Buffered memory is also known as registered memory. It is more stable than unbuffered memory, but also more expensive.

Buffered memory is mainly used in servers and workstations. Byte - A unit of memory storage that is equal to 8 bits.

C Cache - A temporary storage area for frequently accessed data. Certificate - Used for client authentication.

A certificate is registered on the authentication server (for example, RADIUS server) and used by the authenticator. Channel - A marketing term in the distribution chain for selling and delivering a product or service to customers. Chassis - The framework on a computer that supports its components including the motherboard, hard drives, and memory. Chipset - The group of microchips on a motherboard that allow all the components to communicate with the processor.

CIR - Consumer infrared (CIR) is an infrared protocol that. Client - A computer or application that remotely accesses a service on another computer (known as a server) using a network. CMOS - Complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) is a type of integrated circuit. Connector - A device used to carry electrical power. CPU - Central processing unit (CPU) is another name for a processor. CPU ID - An earlier revision of utilities such as the Intel® Processor Frequency ID Utility and the Intel® Processor Identification Utility.

CRC - Cycle redundancy check (CRC) is an error-detecting code. CRT - Cathode ray tube (CRT) is an analog monitor. CUI - Common user interface (CUI) is a term for the user interface used to manage Intel® Graphics Driver. D DCB - Intel® Data Center Blocks (Intel® DCB) are unbranded, fully validated server building blocks featuring Intel's latest technologies. They are designed to target the needs of specific segments, such as Intel® Data Center Blocks for HPC, Intel® Data Center Blocks for Cloud, and Intel® Data Center Blocks for Business. DDR - Double data rate (DDR) is a type of memory. Data is transferred on both the rising and falling edges of the clock signal.

DDR2 - Double data rate type two memory, double pumps the data bus. DDR2 allows higher bus speed and requires lower power by running the internal clock at half the speed of the data bus.

DDR3 - Double data rate type three is synchronous dynamic random access memory. The voltage is 1.5V to 1.35V.

DDR3L - Double data rate type three is low voltage synchronous dynamic random access memory. The voltage is 1.35V. SDDR3L-RS - Double data rate type three is low voltage, reduced standby synchronous dynamic random access memory. The voltage is 1.35V & 1.5V.

Density - A measure of the quantity of information bits you can store on a storage medium. Higher density allows greater volumes of data to be stored in the same physical space. DFP - Digital flat panel (DFP) is a type of video connector for flat panel displays. DHCP - Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) is a protocol that allows a computer to automatically get a network address. DIMM - Dual in-line memory modules (DIMM) have separate electrical contacts on each side of the module and use a 64-bit data path. DirectX.

A set of Microsoft. APIs for handling tasks related to games and video.

Discrete graphics - The graphics controller is not built into the chipset but is a separate component. Dithering - A graphics term where colors are intentionally a mix of adjacent pixels. Dithering is usually needed for 8-bit color and sometimes for 16-bit. It allows a limited color set to approximate a broader range by mixing groups of varying-color pixels in a semi-random pattern. Without dithering, color gradients like sky or sunset tend to show 'banding' artifacts. DIY - Do it yourself (DIY) is doing a task yourself rather than relying on a professional.

DMA - Direct memory access (DMA) is a feature of computers that allows a device to access system memory without relying on the CPU to transfer the data. DNS - Domain name system (DNS) is a system that maps domain names such as to IP addresses. Double-sided - A memory module where DRAM chips are on both sides of the module. DRAM - Dynamic random-access memory (DRAM) is a type of memory that stores each bit of data in a separate capacitor in an integrated circuit.

Driver - Software written for a specific operating system and used by that operating system to communicate with a specific hardware device. Dual-channel mode - This mode is enabled when the installed memory capacities of both DIMM channels are equal. Also known as interleaved mode. Dual-core - A processor that combines two independent cores in a single package. DVI - Digital Video Interface (DVI) is a type of video connector for display devices like flat panel displays.

DVMT - Dynamic video memory technology (DVMT) is a system memory that is dynamically allocated as video memory. E EAP - Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP) is an authentication framework.

It is often used in wireless networks and defines message formats. EAP sits inside of Point-to-Point Protocol's (PPP) authentication protocol and provides a generalized framework for several different authentication methods. EAP is supposed to head off proprietary authentication systems and let everything from passwords to challenge-response tokens and public-key infrastructure certificates all work smoothly. ECC - Error-correcting code (ECC) allows data to be checked for errors and corrected when required. EDID - Extended Display Identification Data (EDID) is data given from a display device to a graphics driver that defines its capabilities.

EDP - Embedded DisplayPort (eDP) is an interface that is primarily used to connect a video source to a display device like a computer monitor or television set. EEPROM - Electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM) is a type of non-volatile memory used in computers. EFI BIOS - Extensible Firmware Interface (EFI) BIOS is a newer BIOS specification. EHCI - Enhanced Host Controller Interface (EHCI) is a high-speed controller standard. EMI - Electromagnetic interference (EMI) is electrical interference that can interfere with communications.

Encryption Scrambling data so only the authorized recipient can read it. Usually a key is needed to interpret the data. ENERGY STAR.

is a program run by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and the U.S. Department of Energy that promotes energy-efficient products.

EOIS - End of interactive support EOIS) means Intel Customer Support Agents no longer respond to telephone, chat, community support forums, or email inquiries for this product. Self-help support is available for the discontinued product through the site.

EOL - End of life (EOL) means Intel has discontinued manufacturing this product. No updates to drivers, software, or hardware takes place when a product is in EOL status. EOS - End of support (EOS) means support for this product is no longer available from Intel. ESATA - is an external interface for SATA devices. ESD - Electrostatic discharge (ESD) is the transfer of a static charge between two objects.

Express Chipset - Part of the product name for Intel® chipsets like the Intel® G33 Express Chipset. Express Chipset family - Part of the product name for a group of Intel chipsets that are all in the same family of chipsets (for example, the Intel® 3 Series Chipset family includes chipsets such as the Intel® G33 Express Chipset, the Intel® G35 Express Chipset, and the Intel® P31 Express Chipset). F Fan-heatsink - This solution incorporates active (fan) and passive (heatsink) cooling components.

The heatsink provides absorption for the heat and the fan provides the airflow necessary to remove the heat from the processor. FB-DIMM - Fully buffered dual in-line memory module (FB-DIMM) is a type of computer memory that includes an advanced memory buffer between the memory controller and the memory module; usually used in server environments. Firmware - A computer program inside a hardware device. Flash - Flash memory is a type of non-volatile computer memory that can be erased and reprogrammed.

FLOP - Floating-point operations per second (FLOP). A measure of a computer's performance. Fogging - A graphics term that means adding the effect of density to the atmosphere. Objects farther away from the viewer appears more 'cloudy' or 'foggy.' Form factor - is a standard size and shape for a computer motherboard. FSB - Front-side bus (FSB) is the physical component that carries information between the computer's processor and other components such as system memory.

G Gateway - A wireless gateway is a special type of access point that allows wireless network clients to share an Internet connection (DSL or cable modem). Wireless gateways typically include features such as NAT and VPN support, which you may not find in simple access points.

GB - Gigabit (GB) is a unit of memory storage that is equal to 1,024 megabytes (or 1,073,741,824 bytes). GHz - Gigahertz (GHz) is a unit of frequency equal to 1,000,000,000 cycles per second. GM - Part of the product name for specific mobile Intel chipsets with integrated graphics. GMA - Intel® Graphics Media Accelerator (Intel® GMA) is part of the product name for specific graphics controllers such as the Intel® GMA 900. GMCH - Graphics and memory controller hub (GMCH) is the chipset component that handles communication between the CPU and all other devices.

Graphics controller - A term used to describe the graphics hardware in a computer. Ground - A return path for electrical current. GUI - Graphical user interface (GUI) is a user interface based on graphical icons. H Hard drive cache - A temporary storage area on a hard drive. HD Audio - Intel® High Definition Audio (Intel® HD Audio) is the audio architecture standard that replaces AC '97.

HDCP - High-bandwidth Digital Content Protection (HDCP) is a copy protection scheme to prevent data from being copied or shared illegally. HDD - Hard disk drive (HDD) is another name for hard drive. HDMI - High-Definition Multimedia Interface (HDMI) is a digital media interface for consumer electronic devices that allows a single cable to be used for both audio and video. HDTV - High definition TV (HDTV) is a TV that typically has a higher quality aspect ratio and therefore higher-quality video output than standard TVs.

Header - Data that includes information about the message being transmitted but is not the message itself. For example, in an email, the header might include the sender and recipient email addresses.

Heatsink - An object used to absorb heat from a processor. Hotspot - An area with wireless Internet access. HPC - High performance computing (HPC). A performs at a higher level of computing performance than a general-purpose computer. Performance of a supercomputer is measured in floating-point operations per second (FLOPS) instead of million instructions per second (MIPS).

HTPC - Home theater PC (HTPC) is a device that combines the capabilities of a personal computer with a software application that supports video, photo, music playback, and digital video recording. Hyper-Threading Technology - allows different parts of the CPU to work on different tasks simultaneously. I IA32 - Intel® architecture 32-bit is the 32-bit implementation of the x86 architecture IA64 - IA-64 often refers to Itanium® architecture. Intel® 64 Architecture is the 64-bit implementation of the x86 architecture. ICH - I/O Controller Hub. IDE - Integrated Drive Electronics (IDE) is another name for ATA. IEEE - is an international organization concerned with advancing the theory and practice of technology related to electricity.

INF - A text file that contains all the information needed in order to install a piece of software or a driver that controls a hardware device. Infrastructure network - Wi-Fi network centered around an access point (AP) or broadband Wi-Fi router. In this environment, the AP not only provides communication with the wired network, but also mediates Wi-Fi network traffic in the immediate neighborhood.

Integrated circuit - A semiconductor device that includes many transistors and electrical circuits. Integrated graphics - The graphics controller is built into the chipset. Intel® 64 - Intel® Extended Memory 64 Technology.

Interference - Anything that alters or disrupts a message as it travels between the sender and the receiver. Interleaved mode - This mode is enabled when the installed memory capacities of both DIMM channels are equal. Also known as dual-channel mode.

Internet service provider (ISP) - Subscribers obtain access to the Internet from their homes, small businesses, or corporate networks by paying these providers for service. Interrupt - A signal from hardware or software that indicates that an event needs attention or processing. I/O Controller Hub - The chipset component that handles communication with components such as the hard drives and communicates with the CPU via the MCH. IPMI – is an industry standard. It is a set of computer interface specifications for an autonomous computer subsystem that provides management and monitoring capabilities independently of the host system's CPU, firmware (BIOS or UEFI), and operating system. J Jack retasking - The technology that allows audio jack functionality to be reassigned depending on the type of device that is connected. Jack sensing - The technology that allows an audio controller to detect that a device has been connected to an audio jack.

JEDEC - Joint Electron Devices Engineering Council (JEDEC) is an independent semiconductor engineering trade organization and standardization body. Jumper - A piece of conductor that is used to enclose jumper pins and complete the circuit. K KB - A unit of memory storage that is equal to 1,024 bytes. L L1 cache - The smallest and fastest level of CPU cache and the first level of cache used by the CPU. L2 cache - Slightly larger and slower than L1 cache and the second level of cache used by the CPU. L3 cache - Slightly larger and slower than L2 cache and the third level of cache used by the CPU.

LAN - Local Area Network (LAN) is a high-speed, low-error data network that covers a small geographic area such as an office or school. Latency - Delays in transmitting data between the processor and memory often measured by memory bus clock cycles. LBA - Logical block addressing (LBA) is a common scheme used for specifying the location of blocks of data stored on computer storage devices. LCD - Liquid crystal display (LCD) is a type of flat panel display. Lead-free - Part of the in the European Union. The directive restricts the use of certain hazardous substances when manufacturing specific electronic or electrical equipment. LED - Light-emitting diode (LED) is a small light source.

LFP - Local flat panel (LFP) refers to a flat panel display on a laptop computer. LPDDR3 - Low-power double data rate type three is synchronous dynamic random access memory. The voltage is 1.2V. LRDIMM - Load Reduced DIMM (LRDIMM) have buffer registers for both address and data between the SDRAM module and the system's memory controller.

LVDS - Low-voltage differential signaling (LVDS) is an electrical digital signaling system that can run at very high speeds over inexpensive twisted-pair copper cables. LVDS is used to transport video data from graphics adapters to computer monitors, particularly flat panels in laptop computers.

M M.2 SSD -, formerly known as the Next Generation Form Factor (NGFF), is a specification for internally mounted computer expansion cards and associated connectors. It replaces the mSATA standard, which uses the physical PCI Express Mini Card layout and connectors. MAC address - The media access control (MAC) address of the wireless Ethernet adapter is a unique serial number assigned to the device by the manufacturer.

Every wired or wireless network device has a unique MAC address. MB - A unit of memory storage that is equal to 1,048,576 bytes. Mbps - Megabits per second, has a transmission speed of 1,000,000 bits per second.

MCH - Memory Controller Hub is the chipset component that handles communication between the CPU, memory, AGP or PCI Express., and the ICH. MHz - Megahertz (MHz) is a unit of frequency equal to 1,000,000 cycles per second. MicroATX - A motherboard where the motherboard size maximum is 9.6x9.6 inches. Microprocessor - A processor on a single integrated circuit. Mini-ITX - A motherboard where the motherboard is typically 6.7x6.7 inches. Mini-PCIe. Also known as PCI Express.

Mini Card, is a form factor developed. These cards are typically 30x50.96 mm.

MIP mapping - Viewing a distant texture-mapped object in a 3D world, many texels (texture elements) make up each pixel that you see on the screen. The textures often appear aliased or distorted if point sampling, the most common texture mapping technique, is used. MIP-mapping resolves this by pre-computing (that is, prefiltering) different levels of detail of your texture image. It accesses the appropriate level according to the object's distance from the camera. For example, a texture image that is 16x16 texels has four more MIP-maps at lower resolutions, 8x8, 4x4, 2x2, and 1x1. Bilinear MIP-mapping chooses the closest MIP-map image to your pixel's level of detail. Then, it performs a bilinear interpolation upon that texture image to get the color value for the pixel.

MLC - Multi-level cell (MLC) is a memory element capable of storing more than a single bit of information. Modem - DSL, cable, or other hardware types connected to both the AP/router and external line leading to an Internet Service Provider. Motherboard - A board to which the primary components of a computer are connected. MSATA - Mini-SATA is a form factor for SATA devices typically used in laptops or other small form factor systems. MTBF - Mean time between failures (MTBF) is the average time between system failures. N NAND Flash - A non-volatile computer storage.

Network name - Also called an SSID, it identifies your network. The network name is unique and controls access to a given network. The network name can be up to 32 characters and is case sensitive.

NIC - Network interface card (NIC) is a piece of hardware that allows computers to communicate over a network. Non-volatile memory - A type of computer memory that can retain its contents even when it is not powered on. Northbridge - Another name for MCH. NVMe - Non-volatile memory express (NVMe) is an interface that allows host software to communicate with a non-volatile memory subsystem. The interface is optimized for Enterprise and Client solid state drives, typically attached as a register level interface to the PCI Express interface. O ODD - Optical disk drive (ODD). ODM - Original device manufacturer (ODM) is the company that manufactured a device being sold by another company.

OEM - Original equipment manufacturer (OEM) is the company that manufactured a product being sold by another company. OHCI - Open Host Controller Interface (OHCI) is an interface that allows a USB or FireWire controller to communicate with the operating system. OPA - Intel® Omni-Path Architecture (Intel® OPA) is the next generation fabric.

Intel OPA is an element of Intel® Scalable System Framework. It delivers the performance for tomorrow's HPC workloads and the ability to scale to tens of thousands of nodes—and eventually more. Open authentication - Allows any device network access. If encryption is not enabled on the network, any device that knows the access point's Service Set Identifier (SSID) can access the network.

OpenGL - Open Graphics Library (OpenGL) is a specification that defines an API for writing applications producing 2D or 3D computer graphics. Optical disk drive - A type of disk drive that uses laser to read and write data. OROM - Option ROM (OROM) is firmware the system BIOS calls in order to communicate with a hardware device. OS - The operating system (OS) is the software that manages both the hardware and software on a computer. P Parallel ATA - An IDE standard for connecting storage devices like hard drives and optical drives to the motherboard. PATA - An IDE standard for connecting storage devices like hard drives.

PBA - Printed board assembly (PBA) for server boards and components. PCH - Platform Controller Hub (PCH). PCI - Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) is a computer bus that is used to attach devices to a motherboard. PCIe.

is a specification for computer expansion cards. Peer-to-peer mode - A wireless network structure that allows wireless clients to communicate directly with each other without using an access point. Peripherals - A piece of computer hardware added to a computer.

It's typically optional and connected externally. Pixel - A graphics term short for picture element. A pixel is the smallest unit that can be addressed and given a color or intensity.

A number of bits (8, 16, 24, or 32) in the framebuffer usually represents the pixel. Plasma - Plasma display is a type of flat panel display. PM - Part of the product name for specific mobile Intel chipsets without integrated graphics. PnP - Plug and play (PnP) allows you to add a device to a computer without needing to reconfigure or install device drivers. POST - Power-on self-test (POST) is the term for a computer's pre-boot sequence. Power management - A way for a computer to save power by turning off certain components of the computer when not in use. Power supply - A device that provides electrical power.

Preamble - A term that is used in telecommunications to describe the introduction to a message or header. Preferred network - One of the configured networks.

Networks are listed under Preferred Networks on the Wireless Networks tab of the Wireless Network Connection Properties (Windows. XP environment). Processor - The computer component that interprets all instructions. Processor ID - Intel® Processor Identification Utility identifies the processor inside a computer system. Product brief - A document that provides an overview, benefits, features, and system requirements for a product.

Profile - Data and configuration information that is associated with a wireless network. Protocol - A set of rules that govern how data is sent over a communications channel. PSU - Power supply unit (PSU). PXE - Preboot Execution Environment (PXE) is an environment to boot computers using a network interface independent of data storage devices (like hard disks) or installed operating systems. Q Quad-core - A processor that combines four independent cores in a single package. R RAID - Redundant array of independent disks (RAID) is a technology that uses multiple hard drives to improve performance and/or protection.

RAM - Random-access memory (RAM) is system memory. Rendering - A graphics term also known as rasterization. Rendering is the translation of high-level database descriptions to pixels on the screen.

It consists of a number of steps, including: Setup, Visibility, Texture Mapping, Shading, and Smoothing. Registered memory - A type of memory module that has a register between the DRAM modules and the system memory controller. Registered memory, also called buffered memory, is more stable than unbuffered memory, but also more expensive.

Registered memory is mainly used in servers and workstations. RFID - Radio-frequency identification (RFID) is a method that stores identification data on objects and uses radio waves to retrieve the data. RMA - Return material authorization (RMA) refers to the process where the recipient of a product arranges to return a defective product to the supplier for repair, replacement, or credit.

Roaming - The concept of extending service to a geographical location that is outside the geographical coverage area provided by the home network. Router - A device that routes data between different networks. S SATA - Serial ATA (SATA), a successor to ATA.

The interface between storage devices (hard drives, optical drives, SSDs) and a computer is a high-speed serial cable. SCSI - Small Computer System Interface (SCSI) is a set of standards for physically connecting and transferring data between computers and devices like hard drives. SDRAM - Synchronous dynamic random access memory (SDRAM) is a type of memory synchronized with the system bus. Server - A computer that performs a service to one or more computers or applications known as clients. SFX - A form factor for power supplies. Shared key - An encryption key known only to the receiver and sender of data.

Shared key is also referred to as a pre-shared key. SIMM - Single in-line memory modules (SIMM) have redundant contacts on both sides that use a 32-bit data path. Single-channel mode - Used when only one DIMM is installed or the memory capacities are unequal. Also known as asymmetric mode. Single-sided - A memory module where only one side of the memory module has DRAM chips. Single sign-on - Feature set allows the 802.1X credentials to match your Windows log-on user name and password credentials for wireless network connections. SLC - Single level cell (SLC) is storing 1 bit of information per cell.

Self-monitoring, analysis, and reporting technology (SMART) is for hard drives that monitor various reliability indicators to anticipate failures. SMBIOS - System BIOS (SMBIOS). SO-DIMM - Small outline dual in-line memory module (SO-DIMM) is about half the size of a regular DIMM. This memory is often used in small systems like laptops or systems with Mini-ITX motherboards. Southbridge - Another name for ICH. SPD - Serial Presence Detect (SPD) is a standardized way to automatically access information about a computer memory module. SPD is a memory hardware feature that makes it possible for the computer to know what memory is present and what timings to use to access the memory.

S/PDIF - Sony/Phillips Digital Interface (S/PDIF) is a standard file format for carrying digital audio signals. Specular highlighting - Adds the effect of a 'hot spot' on an object that corresponds to the shininess of its material. SSD - Solid-state drive (SSD). SSID - The service set identification (SSID), also known as the network name, identifies your network. SSID is a unique name and controls access to a given network. It can be up to 32 characters and is case sensitive.

SSpec - The specification number for an Intel® processor. SSpec - The five-digit alphanumeric number inscribed on the top of the processor. It usually begins with the letter 's.' SWR - Standard warranty replacement (SWR). This warranty service is available to all members of the Intel® Technology Provider Program and non-members. Intel ships out a replacement part on receipt of the non-functional or defective product eligible for warranty service. System BIOS - Another term for BIOS.

System bus - Another name for front side bus (FSB). T TAC - Thermally Advantaged Chassis (TAC). TB - A terabyte (TB) is a unit of memory storage equal to 1,024 gigabytes (or 1,099,511,627,776 bytes). TCP - Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) is an Internet protocol that delivers a stream of data from sender to receiver.

TDP - Thermal design power (TDP), or thermal design point, is the maximum amount of power a computer cooling system must dissipate. TFX - A form factor for a power supply used in a computer case.

Thermally advantaged chassis - An enclosure for computers that can maintain a specific ambient internal temperature with specific Intel® processors. Thermal solution - The combination of the heatsink and fan used to cool a processor. TIM - Thermal interface material (TIM) is a paste or a pad applied between the CPU and heatsink. It allows a more complete transfer of heat between the thermal solution and processor. TPM - Trusted Platform Module (TPM). TPS - Technical product specification (TPS) is a document that specifies board layout, components, connectors, power, environmental requirements, and other details.

Transistor - A device used in semiconductors to amplify or switch electronic signals. TRIM - Allows an operating system to inform a solid-state drive (SSD) of the blocks of data that are no longer in use. U UHCI - Universal Host Controller Interface (UHCI) allows USB 1.0 controller to communicate with the operating system. UI - User interface (UI) is the graphical, textual, and auditory information presented to a user by a computer program.

It also presents methods of controlling the program like keystrokes, mouse movements, or touch screen selections. UNDI - Universal Network Device Interface (UNDI) is an API for network cards. Unbuffered memory - Memory modules where there is no hardware register between the memory controller and the RAM chips. Unbuffered memory is the opposite of registered or buffered memory, and is usually used in desktop systems. USB - Universal Serial Bus (USB) is a connectivity specification that allows peripheral devices like scanners, printers, and memory sticks to be plugged into the computer and configured automatically.

V VBIOS - Video BIOS. Verified by Intel® - A program between Intel, ODMs, and laptop component suppliers. Enhances opportunities for customizable build-to-order laptop solutions.

VGA - Video Graphics Array (VGA) is the 640x480 video resolution. Video BIOS - The BIOS for the graphics hardware. Volatile memory - A type of memory that requires power to maintain the stored information.

When power is off or interrupted, it loses the stored memory. VRAM - Video RAM is a type of memory used to store the framebuffer for some graphics cards. VRAM is also called video memory or graphics memory. W WAN - Wide area network (WAN) is a computer network that covers a large geographic area such as a country. WDDM. Windows. Display Driver Model (WDDM) is a supported in Microsoft Windows Vista.

WEP - Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP) is an optional IEEE 802.11 feature used to provide data security that is equivalent to that of a typical wired LAN. When WEP is enabled, all stations (clients and access points) are required to have the same WEP key. Network access is denied to anyone who does not have the correct key. WHQL - Windows. Hardware Quality Labs is a that involves running a set of tests on hardware or software and then submitting the results to Microsoft. for review.

Wi-Fi - Wireless-Fidelity is a wireless technology brand owned by the. WiMAX - WiMAX, the Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX), is a telecommunications technology aimed at providing wireless data over long distances in a variety of ways, from point-to-point links to full mobile cellular type access. Wireless client - The software that controls a wireless adapter. Wireless gateway - see gateway. WLAN - Wireless local area network (WLAN) is two or more computers linked together without wires.

WPA - Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA) is an optional IEEE 802.11 feature used to provide data security that is equivalent to that of a typical wired LAN. It provides stronger security than WEP through enhanced encryption and user authentication. X x86 - An instruction set for one of the most common CPU architectures.

XD bit - Execute Disable Bit. XD technology - The Execute Disable Bit capability of Intel processors designed to increase overall system security. XMP - Intel® Extreme Memory Profile is a JEDEC SPD extension for DDR3 SDRAM DIMMs to encode performance memory timings. XOR - A digital logic gate that implements an exclusive. XPDM - Windows XP.

Display Driver Model is a display driver architecture supported in Microsoft Windows 2000 and Microsoft Windows. XP (also referred to as XDDM).

Martin Aboitiz has had a productive career in entrepreneurship and venture management as an engineer with extensive experience in information technology, sales and marketing and venture finance. He is an active angel investor, having participated in approximately 15 companies to date. Prior to Healthjump he was the Founder and President of Intermedia Comunicaciones SA. Martin transitioned from engineering to venture management at Bun SA, an industrial snack food production and marketing company in Argentina that was acquired by Pepsi Foods International in 1993. As President of Bun he enabled the company to become a prime acquisition target, conducted the sale negotiations and worked under new management during the transition. Later he founded Intermedia Comunicaciones SA where he was President and CEO.

Intermedia was one of the first ISPs in Argentina (the ISP group was sold to SkyOnline in 2004) and currently remains an IT services firm with an international presence. Early Healthjump ideas sprung from data integration and SaaS services developed for Intermedia customers. Martin has been an angel investor with varying degrees of participation in successful ventures in and out of the United States. Notable investments include EXOS Inc.

Acquired by Microsoft to provide the base technology for the MS Flight Simulator force feedback control, Telecom Americas a wireless telco acquired by TelMex, and Netegrity a web security software company; these companies provided returns in the 3x – 10x range. Other less successful venture investments were made over the years that are not as well remembered yet provided valuable venture experience. Martin holds a MS in Civil Engineering from Colorado State University and a BS in Civil Engineering from Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Martin has served on various Board of Directors and industry trade groups over the years and is a Regional Chair for the MIT Educational Council (honored with the Morgan Award). He is married with four children, a habitual cyclist and light bicycle mechanic. Bill Aulet is the managing director of the Martin Trust Center for MIT Entrepreneurship at MIT and also a senior lecturer at the MIT Sloan School of Management. The center is responsible for entrepreneurship across all five schools at MIT starting with education but also extending well outside the class room with student clubs, conferences, competitions, networking events, awards, hackathons, student trips and most recently accelerators.

Bill teaches at least three different classes per year (introductory to advanced entrepreneurship classes) in addition to his responsibilities of running the center. His work has won numerous awards and most recently, in April 2013, Bill was awarded the Adolf F. Monosson Prize for Entrepreneurial Mentoring at MIT.

Natanel founded TechU Angels and today leads the Firm’s global investment activities. Previously, he worked in principal investing at L Capital Partners and IDT Corporation, and was formerly an advisor to the CEO of Reliance Technology Ventures, Ltd., a leading venture investor in Asia.

As a serial entrepreneur, Natanel has led startups in a range of industries; including cement sciences and digital media. Natanel earned an MBA from MIT Sloan in corporate finance and entrepreneurship, where he was distinguished as the grand prize winner of the MIT $100K Entrepreneurship Competition, long considered the most prestigious university level competition in the world. He currently sits on the Board of Directors of the MIT Enterprise Forum of NYC and is a Mentor to the MIT-China Innovation and Entrepreneurship Forum. Ben is the Founder of RedBand Inc., a software as a service platform that can be used to model data-intensive business planning scenarios. Ben is passionate about building high performance technology products and teams. He has over ten years of experience building software products and the teams that develop them.

Before founding RedBand, Ben was an Executive and General Manager at Vecna Technologies (www.vecna.com). There he led the development and implementation of a Patient Portal and Patient Kiosk product that serves millions of patients. Prior to that role, he was the VP of Software Development responsible for the development team, software architecture, and technology stack across numerous projects and products. Ben has often spoken in conferences about the application of technology to solve complex problems. Ben has a Computer Science and Electrical Engineering degree from MIT. GUSTAVO BOTTAN is the founder of OPT4America, an organization that connects foreign graduates from US universities to early stage start-ups and entrepreneurial organizations. It supports them with dedicated mentoring to create a global mindset in American start-ups, a positive experience in the US for the foreign interns, and developing networks for international business development.

During his career, he has developed global perspectives and understanding of diverse industries and business functions. As an engineer, he worked in a number of industries including: oil & gas, pulp and paper, food machinery, information technology, and non-intrusive inspection/security in technology development and deployment, sales and marketing, and project management roles. As a Senior Executive, he worked in corporate strategy and international business development for American and European Fortune 500 companies.

As an Independent Consultant, he advised private industry and government organizations in strategy and management matters. Has published in many technical and commercial magazines and has been a guest speaker at conferences around the world.

For a number of years most recently, he has applied his experience in developing global businesses and broad-networks around the world, to discover entrepreneurial opportunities through cross-linking of industries and markets, including in the education field. He is committed to the development of young talent and entrepreneurs. Participates as judge in start-up competitions, mentors students and is an education counsel for the MIT undergraduate admissions’ office.

Gustavo is a graduate of MIT’s Sloan School of Management (M.S. Management) and the University of Buenos Aires (B.S.

Industrial Engineering). He has also studied Pulp & Paper Sciences at the Royal Institute of Technology (KTH) in Sweden and at the University of Maine. He also completed studies in Management at Indiana University Kelly School of Business. In his younger years at St. Andrew’s Scots School in Argentina, he graduated with dual degrees (Argentine Baccalaureate and Cambridge UK “O and A” Levels) and was an avid sportsman playing soccer, rugby, track & field, and swimming. He has conducted business in Spanish, English, Swedish, French, Italian, and Portuguese.

Having been connected to China since 2003 and developing a fondness and understanding of Chinese culture and its people, visiting many Chinese provinces and developing connections with government and private sector, he learned beginner’s Mandarin. Vladimir Bulovic joined the faculty of MIT in July 2000 and is the Fariborz Maseeh (1990) Professor of Emerging Technology and the MIT School of Engineering’s Associate Dean for Innovation.

He leads the Organic and Nanostructured Electronics Laboratory and is co-director of the eni-MIT Solar Frontiers Center and MIT’s Innovation Initiative. Bulovic’s research interests include studies of physical properties of organic and organic/inorganic nanocrystal composite thin films and structures, and development of novel nanostructured optoelectronic devices. He is an author of over 140 research articles (cited over 10,000 times) and an inventor of over 50 U.S. Patents in areas of light emitting diodes, lasers, photovoltaics, photodetectors, chemical sensors, programmable memories, and micro-electro machines, majority of which have been licensed and utilized by both start-up and multinational companies. He is a founder of QD Vision, Inc. Of Watertown MA which is producing quantum dot optoelectronic components, of Kateeva, Inc.

Of Menlo Park CA which is focused on development of printed organic electronics, and Ubiquitous Energy, Inc. Which is developing nanostructured solar technologies. Bulovic received his M.S. Degree from Columbia University in 1993 and his Ph.D. From Princeton University in 1998. He is a recipient of the U.S. Presidential Early Carrier Award for Scientist and Engineers, the National Science Foundation Career Award, the Ruth and Joel Spira Award, Eta Kappa Nu Honor Society Award and the Bose Award for Distinguished Teaching, he was named to Technology Review TR100 List, and in 2012 he shared the SEMI Award for North America in recognition of his contribution to commercialization of the quantum dot technology.

In 2008 he was named the Class of 1960 Faculty Fellow in recognition of his contribution to Energy Education, in 2009 he was awarded the Margaret MacVicar Faculty Fellowship, MITs highest teaching honor, and in 2011 he was named the Faculty Research Innovation Fellow for excellence in research and international recognition. Sandro is co-founder and SVP of Analytics & Innovation at DataXu, the leading platform for Digital Marketing Analytics. He works creating and market testing new products in the confluence of Big Data, Real-time decisions and Marketing. Sandro is an MIT alum (SDM '04, AA '06), where he worked developing the technology at the core of DataXu's automated decision platform. Before attending MIT, he has been linked to entrepreneurship, creating companies in CPG (McCollins Tea, Peru, sold to Unilever), Industrial machinery and Rubber (Peru), Bycicle manufacturing (Argentina).

He is a Mech Eng BS, from University of Buenos Aires. Born in Lima, Peru, Sandro has been living in Boston since 2004. As the Deshpande Center’s Assistant Director, Maren Cattonar is responsible for the Center’s grant programs and providing innovation support to faculty and students. She also manages relationships with catalysts, industry and international programs. Prior to joining the Deshpande Center, Ms. Cattonar was a Senior Industrial Liaison Officer at MIT’s Industrial Liaison Office where she managed a portfolio of companies in aerospace and defense, energy, and insurance. Previously she was with Northrop Grumman Electronic Systems as the manager of technology strategy and portfolio developments, and the manager of sector mergers acquisitions and divestitures.

Her responsibilities included managing collaborative technology efforts with Government FFRDCs, strategic relationships with businesses, and developing new business models to foster innovation. Cattonar was also a systems engineer on strategic missile defense programs, and a program manager for advanced technology programs.

Cattonar received B.S. Degrees in Engineering and Economics from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, and her M.S.

Degree in the Management of Technology from University of Pennsylvania's Wharton School and School of Engineering and Applied Science. Elaine is a startup veteran and innovation and entrepreneurship consultant who has brought numerous hardware and software products to market. As founder and managing director of ConceptSpring, she works with executives and leaders of entrepreneurial teams to create product strategies and roadmaps, and to formulate aggressive but achievable program plans to implement the company’s vision. Elaine is also a Senior Lecturer at the MIT Sloan School of Management, where she teaches entrepreneurship, primary market research, and leadership development in startup settings. She is the author of the book, Bringing a Hardware Product to Market: Navigating the Wild Ride from Concept to Mass Production. Elaine has previously served at the VP level in engineering and product management at several startups, including Rethink Robotics, Zeo, Zeemote and SensAble Technologies. She has built, grown and nurtured several technical organizations from the ground up.

She is a coinventor on 22 patents, and has managed IP portfolio strategies for several startups. Her experience spans many industry verticals, including consumer electronics, collaborative and industrial robotics for manufacturing and warehouse applications, design software for product development and medical and dental applications, IT solutions for apparel design, manufacturing and retail, as well as consumer-facing hardware and software solutions in omni-channel retail. Elaine holds a BS and an MS in mechanical engineering from MIT. John Chisholm has three decades of experience as an entrepreneur, executive, angel investor, and, most recently, author. As president and chair of the worldwide MIT Alumni Association, he is an ex officio member of the MIT Corporation (board of trustees). He also serves on the Corporation Development Committee and is a trustee of the Santa Fe Institute.

He is author of (Greenleaf, 2015). He serves on the Global Partners Council of the Institute for New Economic Thinking, the advisory board of the Gruter Institute for Law & Human Behavior, and on MIT Corporation Visiting Committees for Social Sciences and the Institute for Data, Systems, and Society, as well as the MIT Corporation Joint Advisory Committee. He advises entrepreneurs through the MIT Venture Mentoring Service, the Thiel Foundation 20under20 Fellowship, and the Plug and Play Tech Centers. He has been recognized with the Lobdell and Bronze Beaver Awards for extraordinary volunteer service to MIT. The author or co-author of two patents, he holds EECS SB/SM degrees from MIT and an MBA from HBS. Trish Cotter is an Entrepreneur-in-Residence at MIT and Director of the Global Founders’ Skills Accelerator (GFSA) at the Martin Trust Center for MIT Entrepreneurship where she mentors students through the accelerator process for their start-up ventures.

In addition, she is a lecturer at the MIT Sloan School of Management on topics related to entrepreneurship. Prior to MIT, Trish was an executive at IBM after they acquired Netezza (a data analytics provider) in 2010 for $1.8B. She was the President Netezza LLC, SVP of Operations and a company officer at Netezza. Prior to Netezza, she was the VP of Manufacturing and a company officer at Visual Networks; a company she helped take public in 1998.

Trish has a background in engineering, and has held various engineering and management positions at Honeywell, Computervision, Sun Microsystems and Stratus. Trish has been a speaker at various conferences and events, including the T-Summit Conference, Northeastern University’s “Women who Inspire” speaker series, SCORE, The Boston Club breakfast program, and Year Up’s Business Leadership event.

She’s also a Year Up mentor helping urban, low-income young adults to go from poverty to professional careers in a single year. Trish has been named Emerging Executive of the Year by the Mass Technology Leadership Council in 2009 and won a Stevie Award for Customer Service Executive of the Year in 2011. In addition, she received a NorthFace Scoreboard Award for World Class Excellence in Customer Satisfaction, as selected by voting customers from 2006 through 2011.

Trish has earned a BA in Business Administration from Boston College, an MBA from Northeastern University, an AMP from Harvard Business School, and a M.Ed. From the University of Pennsylvania. After completing her doctorate in work-based learning at the University of Pennsylvania in 2014, I thought it might be interesting for the next chapter of my life to merge two of my passions – education and entrepreneurship – which have come together nicely at MIT.

Andrej is a technology executive, engineer, entrepreneur and hands-on leader with 15+ years of experience in Fortune 500 and start-up environments. He managed large, high-performing and culturally-diverse teams across the globe delivering outstanding value to thousands of enterprise customers world-wide. Andrej has significant managerial and hands-on business strategy, finance, R&D, and operations experience in enterprise software. His specialty is in business and product globalization strategies: internationalization and localization. He co-founded and is currently building Shortlist, a new technology platform for senior-level talent discovery. Andrej is an MIT Sloan Fellow ‘14, CS PhD, Senior Member of IEEE, and MIT $100K Entrepreneurship Competition judge. He spends his free time hiking, scuba diving and helping others in their entrepreneurship endeavors.

Andrej is an alien of extraordinary ability (this is a funny US CIS visa classification name). With over 16 years experience being an early stage venture capitalist in central European environmental, cleantech and renewable energy SME’s Adam knows how to both provide capital (debt and equity) as well as coach management teams into being growth stage companies. Of the 20 environmental and renewable energy companies Adam has invested in and mentored: 6 have been listed, 4 have been sold, 3 remain private, 4 have been liquidated and 3 are still partially owned by Adam. Equity stakes have ranged from 2% to 50%.

Recently, Adam has been applying his start up mentoring and emerging market skills in America and Myanmar where he has been assisting in the establishment of renewable energy businesses. Adam enjoys being an early stage venture capitalist / angel investor. With new opportunities in the USA, in 2013, Adam has started spending a majority of his time in Cambridge MA.

Nathan Eagle is the co-founder and CEO of Jana, the largest provider of free internet in emerging markets. Nathan graduated from Stanford University with a B.S. In mechanical engineering and master’s degrees in management science and engineering and electrical engineering. From the MIT Media Laboratory on reality mining was declared one of the “10 technologies most likely to change the way we live” by the MIT Technology Review. Nathan was also named a Technology Pioneer by the World Economic Forum in 2014 and also holds an adjunct assistant professor position at Harvard University.

The idea for Jana was born out of Nathan’s experience as a Fulbright professor in Kenya. He and his students developed a system for rural nurses to text centralized blood banks when supplies were low, but the system’s success was hindered by the cost of data — the expense prevented nurses from sending the SMS. When the system was upgraded to automatically reimburse them for data used, the nurses enthusiastically returned to the system. Jana was born out of this insight that smartphones can be used not only for global communication, but also data sponsorship.

Alan Edelman is Professor of Applied Mathematics (since 2002), and in 2004 was Founder of Interactive Supercomputing. He received the B.S. Degrees in mathematics from Yale in 1984, and the Ph.D.

In applied mathematics from MIT in 1989, under the direction of Lloyd N. Following a year at Thinking Machines Corp and at CERFACS in France, Edelman went to U.C. Berkeley as a Morrey Assistant Professor and Lewy Fellow, 1990-93.

He joined the MIT faculty in applied mathematics in 1993. Edelman's research interests include high performance computing, numerical computation, linear algebra and stochastic eigenanalysis (random matrix theory). He has consulted for Akamai, IBM, Pixar, and NKK Japan among other corporations. A Sloan fellow, Edelman received an NSF Faculty Career award in 1995.

He has received numerous awards, among them the Gordon Bell Prize and Householder Prize (1990), the Chauvenet Prize (1998), the Edgerly Science Partnership Award (1999), the SIAM Activity Group on Linear Algebra Prize (2000), and the Lester R. Ford Award, (2005). Wafik Farag is a visionary business and information strategist. Currently at SkyPrise, Inc., Dr.

Farag’s consulting capacity integrates multi-discipline technologies for clients to smartly capitalize on the “business of information” converting it into competitive business growth. He has served during his career marquis clients such as Mercedes Benz AG, Pemex, Lockheed Martin, NASA – CIESIN, Swiss, Wisconsin Power & Light, CVS, British American Tobacco (BAT), Cisco, David. H Murdock Research Institute (DHMRI), and Bell South. As a business executive, he provides leadership consulting to Fortune 100, mid-cap, and startup companies, both domestic and international. Farag is the inventor of a game-changing paradigm: “Dynamic Information” enabling novel business strategy to deliver real world value for companies in flux. His US patent on dynamic information paradigm empowers fortune 500 customers to craft fresh solutions, creating value in areas such as Big data, cyber security, healthcare, mobile computing, energy and water resources, smart cities, oil & gas exploration, financial instruments, machine 2 machine (M2M), Internet of Things (IoT), travel, mobile technology, the digital enterprise, and sustaining change in supply management. Farag was a co-founder of Justa Inc., an information infrastructure company, gained several clients in the health care and financial industries, later on it was acquired by Wallaware Inc.

Farag was also formerly a Director at Perot Systems where he advised global Fortune 100 companies on strategies for process optimization to improve productivity, during which time PerotSystems (Dell) went public. Prior to PerotSystems, Dr. Farag lead into production, several successful multi-million dollar information integration projects when he joined International Integration Inc (iCube) as a start-up, grew and went public, later acquired by Razorfish Inc. He also served as an advisor to several venture capital firms, such as Warburg Pincus, conducting investment due diligence, mergers and acquisitions, evaluating technologies and developing winning business models. Similarly, he mentors technology startups as an advisor for IBM Global SmartCamp, MIT enterprise forum (MITEF), and The Massachusetts Technology Transfer Center (MTTC). He holds a US patent in managing dynamic contextual-information to deliver next generation solutions.

Wafik is frequently called upon by government organizations as a domain expert. As part of a leadership circle for a US presidential initiative 'Global Innovation in Science and Technology' (GIST) he advises on acceleration and commercialization of start-ups; he also reviews grants for the National Science Foundation (NSF). Farag received both his MS and PhD in Computer Science and Engineering from the University of Michigan. Catherine Fazio is the Managing Director of the Laboratory for Innovation Science and Policy at the MIT Innovation Initiative. She directs the launch and strategy of this newly-formed research laboratory which studies the factors shaping innovation outcomes and investigates how to accelerate innovation in service to the world. Catherine previously served as a partner at Kirkland & Ellis, LLP.

Among other activities, she formulated the strategy and directed operations for multiple, billion dollar arbitrations, served as lead antitrust counsel on a range of multi-national mergers and acquisitions, and counseled clients on risk mitigation strategies. Catherine was also a trial attorney for the Antitrust Division of the U.S. Department of Justice, where she led several significant merger investigations and worked to preserve competition in numerous industries. Catherine serves on the Development Committee for the Atrium School in Watertown, Massachusetts. Catherine received a J.D. From Stanford University, an M.B.A.

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From the Sloan Fellows Program in Innovation and Global Leadership at MIT, and a B.A. From the University of California, Berkeley.

Jim Freedman has been a Licensing Officer at the TLO since 2006, managing patents and licensing issues for Chemicals, Chemical Engineering and Material Science, particularly in areas of chemical catalysts, nanomaterials and water technologies. He also serves as liaison between the TLO and multiple large corporate and university research alliances.

Jim has been involved in various aspects of the ecosystem that drives the Institute’s entrepreneurship culture including the Deshpande Center for Innovation, the MIT Enterprise Forum, iTeams, the Massachusetts Technology Transfer Center, Mass Clean Energy Center and the Boston Chapter of LES (past co-chair). Prior to coming to MIT, Jim worked in research, development, manufacturing and customer support functions at Polaroid Corporation, Spectra Incorporated and Presstek Corporation, all aimed at bringing chemical-based products and systems into the market. He has Chemistry degrees from Harvard and Columbia Universities and a Masters in Management from Boston University.

Fried is Founder and CEO of 3DEO, Inc., a startup company commercializing Geiger-mode lidar technology. Previously, at MIT Lincoln Laboratory, he was co-program manager and technical lead for the DoD MACHETE ladar sensor, the world's most capable ladar system. Earlier he was technical lead for the ALIRT Geiger-mode ladar, a groundbreaking system which has mapped over 600,000 square kilometers at 1 m resolution for the DoD. Fried earned the PhD in Atomic Physics at MIT in 1999 for the experimental realization of Bose-Einstein condensation in trapped atomic hydrogen. He has been granted seven patents and has co-authored numerous publications. Phil Giudice is the CEO of Ambri. Ambri, formerly the Liquid Metal Battery Corporation, is a technology company creating cost-effective and reliable grid-scale electricity storage solutions, enabling lower energy costs, widespread wind and solar renewable resources, and less generation, transmission and distribution infrastructure.

Phil has more than 30 years' experience in the energy industry as a geologist, consultant, executive, and state official. Phil serves on the US Department of Energy’s State Energy Advisory Board. In addition, he is a board member for the energy business leadership trade group Advanced Energy Economy as well as the efficiency start up FirstFuel. He recently received the inaugural Innovation Award from the Northeast Energy and Commerce Association. Prior to Ambri, Phil served the Commonwealth of Massachusetts as Undersecretary of Energy and as Commissioner of the Department of Energy Resources, the state agency with primary responsibility for fulfilling Governor Deval Patrick's vision for a clean energy future.

Prior to his service in the Patrick-Murray Administration, Phil was senior vice president and board member at EnerNOC, a start-up providing electricity demand-management services to businesses, institutions, utilities, and grid operators that became a public company in 2007. He was previously a senior partner and leader of Mercer Management Consulting's global energy utilities practice for 20 years. He started his career as a metals exploration geologist with Freeport-McMoRan and with Chevron.

Phil is also active in the nonprofit realm. He helped found the Center for Effective Philanthropy and served as Board Chair for 8 years. He currently serves on the President's Council of ACCION. In addition, he completed full terms on the boards of City Year Boston, First Parish Church of Wayland, and the Haitian Health Foundation. He was also the founding chair of Boston Cares. Phil is a geologist (B.S. From University of New Hampshire and M.S.

In Economic Geology from the University of Arizona) and a management professional (M.B.A. From Tuck School of Business at Dartmouth College).

Sheryl Greenberg initiates and promotes the interactions and development of relationships between academic and industrial entities to facilitate the transfer of new ideas and technologies between MIT and companies. By understanding the business, technology and commercial problems within a company, Sheryl identifies useful resources and opportunities at MIT. Prior to MIT, Sheryl created, and then directed, the Office of Intellectual Property and Technology Transfer at Brandeis University. In the process of managing intellectual property protection, marketing and licensing, she has promoted the successful commercialization of technologies as diverse as new chemicals and manufacturing, biotechnology, food compositions, software, and medical devices.

She facilitated the founding and funding of new companies as well as creating a profitable technology transfer program. She was also a Licensing Associate and Co-Manager of Intellectual Property at Massachusetts General Hospital, and has cellular, biochemical and genetic research experience in both, academic and corporate environments. She has been an independent intellectual property and business development consultant, is a U.S. Patent Agent, and currently serves the Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation as Co-Chair of the Islet Research Program Advisory Committee and grant reviewer. Hanumara is a Research Scientist in MIT Mechanical Engineering’s Precision Engineering Research Group, pergatory.mit.edu and Program Manager for the MIT Tata Center for Technology + Design, tatacenter.mit.edu. His research and teaching focuses on humans-centered mechanical design, with application in medical settings, emerging markets and anywhere person and machine interact. Nevan has project management expertise, works internationally and is a proponent of entre/intrapreneurship as a mechanism for technology commercialization.

Charles Herder is in the field of embedded systems authentication and computer architectures. He has been published in IEEE and other publications in fields including embedded cryptosystems, physical chemistry, single-photon detection, and power management. His prior experience at Texas Instruments includes developing embedded systems authentication technology and serving as a technical lead for the development of proprietary power management and authentication systems for Dell, RIM, Cisco, and Phillips.

He holds a Masters in Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), a BS in EECS, and a BS in Physics all from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). He is an active volunteer, including as Speakers and Panels Lead for the MIT Sloan CIO Symposium, and is a frequent invited speaker at events including the TU Automotive Conferences and MIT R&D Conferences. My vision is to deliver simple, deeply personal, indispensable experiences that make a difference in people's lives. I see this occurring through a continuous, integrated practice of building at the intersection of empathetic design, cutting-edge technology, and business. During my PhD in behavior/cognitive science (@Harvard-MIT Health Sciences & Technology), I studied and developed new uses for personal media and everyday technologies within healthcare.

I was particularly driven by the concept of 'personalized medicine', which led me to the idea of human-centered design and its power to create meaningful and lasting experiences in people's lives. To further develop my exposure to human-centered design, I completed team projects with the MIT Media Lab's Tangible Interfaces group.

I sketched concepts, created storyboards and interaction design prototypes, and wrote narratives within a framework of human-computer interaction. These projects deepened my understanding of the need to consider humanly designed affordances and perceptions for new technologies, especially within health. Having a comfort with analysis and technology from previous education in physics and programming, combined with a passion for designed experiences, I am currently the co-founder a new smartphone healthcare IT venture. We are creating a service that combines behavior science principles, personalization algorithms, and mobile media messaging to improve health.

Scott Kirsner is a journalist who writes about innovation and entrepreneurship. His “Innovation Economy” column appears Sundays in the Boston Globe, and he is also editor of the site Innovation Leader, which focuses on R&D, product development, corporate venturing, and new initiatives within large companies.

Scott has been a regular contributor to Fast Company, BusinessWeek, Variety, and Wired. His books include Fans, Friends & Followers: Building an Audience and a Creative Career in the Digital Age, a technological history of Hollywood.

He can be reached at and his Twitter handle is @ScottKirsner. Knezevic, from Perth, Western Australia, is the CTO of Akselos. In this role, he has coordinated the delivery of simulation frameworks to the Power Systems and Mining industries. He holds a Ph.D. From Oxford (Rhodes scholar) and was a post-doc at MIT where he worked on Akselos' core technology. He was a Lecturer at Harvard University for three years before joining Akselos full time. David represents Akselos at numerous prestigious conferences, like the ASME TurboExpo 2015, and the ‘Analysis, Simulation, and Systems Engineering Software Summit (ASSESS)’ in 2015, an invitation-only summit for 40 thought-leaders in the field of simulation technology.

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He has access to a vast network of leaders and practitioners who play a role in shaping the future of the field. David is a co-author (with colleagues from MIT) of the patent 'Methods and apparatus for constructing and analyzing component-based models of engineering systems' that is one of the foundations of Akselos' technology. In September 2011, Dr. Knezevic was part of the team that won the largest Deshpande innovation grant at MIT, which led to the launch of Akselos. Koster is the Executive Director of the MIT Office of Corporate Relations. The Office of Corporate Relations includes the MIT Industrial Liaison Program, which celebrated 67 years of service to the Institute and its corporate partners in 2015. In that capacity, Mr.

Koster and his staff work with the leadership of MIT and senior corporate executives to design and implement strategies for fostering corporate partnerships with the Institute. Koster and his team have also worked to identify and design a number of major international programs for MIT, which have been characterized by the establishment of strong, programmatic linkages among universities, industry, and governments. Most recently these efforts have been extended to engage the surrounding innovation eco-system, including its vibrant startup and small company community, into MIT's global corporate and university networks. Koster also serves as the Chairman of the University-Industry Demonstration Partnership (UIDP), an organization that seeks to enhance the value of collaborative partnerships between universities and corporations. Koster graduated from Brown University with a B.A. In geology and economics in 1974, and received a M.S.

From the MIT Sloan School of Management in 1980. At the Sloan School he concentrated in international business management and the management of technological innovation.

Prior to returning to MIT, Mr. Koster worked as a management consultant in Europe, Latin America, and the United States on projects for private and public sector organizations.